生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作管理是對(duì)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)行與維護(hù)過(guò)程的管理，它包括對(duì)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作活動(dòng)進(jìn)行計(jì)劃，組織和控制。傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)管理主要是以工業(yè)企業(yè)，特別是制造業(yè)為研究對(duì)象，其注目點(diǎn)主要是一個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的計(jì)劃和控制，一般稱(chēng)為狹義的生產(chǎn)管理學(xué)，其內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于生產(chǎn)的日程管理和在制品管理。當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作管理學(xué)內(nèi)涵和外延大大擴(kuò)展了，它將凡是有投入—轉(zhuǎn)換—產(chǎn)出的組織的活動(dòng)都納入其研究范圍，不僅包括工業(yè)制造企業(yè)、而且包括了服務(wù)業(yè)、社會(huì)公益組織及市政府機(jī)構(gòu)，特別是隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中第三產(chǎn)業(yè)所占比重越來(lái)越大，對(duì)其運(yùn)作的服務(wù)管理日益重要，也成為運(yùn)作管理研究的重要內(nèi)容。不僅如此，現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理內(nèi)涵范圍不僅局限于生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的計(jì)劃、組織與控制，而且還包括運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略的制定、運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行等多個(gè)層次的內(nèi)容。
Production and operations management is the management of the design, operation, and maintenance process of production operation systems, which includes planning, organizing, and controlling production operation activities. Traditional production management mainly focuses on industrial enterprises, especially on manufacturing, with a focus on internal planning and control within a production system. It is generally referred to as narrow production management, and its content mainly involves schedule management and work in progress management. The connotation and extension of current production and operations management have greatly expanded. It includes the activities of all organizations with input conversion output in its research scope, including not only industrial manufacturing enterprises, but also service industries, social welfare organizations, and municipal government institutions. Especially with the increasing proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy, service management for its operation is becoming increasingly important and has become an important content of operation management research. Moreover, the scope of modern production and operation management is not limited to the planning, organization, and control of the production process, but also includes the formulation of operational strategies, design of operational systems, and operation of operational systems at multiple levels. |
